Probing depth (referred to as pocket depth if periodontal disease is present) is the distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus. Probing depths in healthy gingival sulci normally range from 1 to 3 mm. A depth of greater than 3 mm is a possible cause for concern.A diagnosis of chronic periapical periodontitis associated with an infected necrotic pulp was made for 13. The patient suffered a ‘sodium hypochlorite accident’ whilst the previous dentist was preparing the root canal. After initial pain management, reassurance and follow-up (Table 5.2.3), the treatment options discussed with the patient …Pocket - Focus Dentistry. • Pocket depth is the distance between gingival margin to the base of the pocket (or coronal end of junctional epithelium). • Pocket depth of 6mm …Discussion: Alginate. Alginate is an elastic hydrocolloid impression material made from seaweed. It is also comprised of sodium alginate, calcium sulfate, and retarders. It is used to take primary or preliminary impressions. This colloidal material forms a gel when the powder is mixed with water.Introduction. Dental cements are used to lute (glue or cement) inlays, crowns, bridges, and other restorations in place, as shown in Figure 7.1. These are used similar to the cements and glues of everyday life. In addition, dental cements are used for a wide variety of other dental procedures depending on the material.Are you a Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) looking to take your career to the next level? As a CDA, you have already demonstrated your dedication and commitment to the field of den...Location. Major connectors should be designed and located with the following guidelines in mind: 1. Major connectors should be free of movable tissue. 2. Impingement of gingival tissue should be avoided. 3. Bony and soft tissue prominences should be avoided during placement and removal. 4.Principles of Treatment for Class II Malocclusion. Patients can present with a skeletal class II due to a maxillary excess, a mandibular deficiency, or both. If the skeletal class II is caused by maxillary excess, patients present with a backward mandibular growth rotation. This results in an increased anterior facial height.March 21, 2024. Dear faculty, staff and students, It is my pleasure to announce the appointment of Susan A. Rowan, DDS, MS, FACD, FICD, as dean of the University of …Casting (1) The process by which a wax pattern is converted to a metallic replica of a prepared tooth restoration. (2) A dental restoration formed by the solidification of a molten metal in a mold. Hygroscopic expansion Amount of setting expansion that occurs when a gypsum-bonded casting investment is immersed in 38 °C water during setting.Losing your Samsung phone can be a stressful experience. Whether it slipped out of your pocket or was left behind in a public place, the thought of losing all your valuable data an...Bonding agents are low-viscosity resins that flow well into the microscopic porosities and irregularities of the etched surfaces. When bonding to enamel alone, the process is much simpler than bonding to dentin. Etching of enamel creates a high-energy, low-tension surface that makes the surface easier to wet.Pneumocephalus is the medical condition defined as having a pocket of gas, generally air, trapped within the intracranial area. Pneumocephalus is also referred to as an intracrania...Edu. Gum Disease. Periodontal Pockets Cleaning Treatment. Periodontal Pockets: Cleaning & Treatment. Any type of periodontal disease treatment requires good daily …What Are Periodontal Pockets? Gum Irritation: Four Self-Induced Causes. Gum Disease Treatment For Kids. Why Do You Have Itchy Gums? The Link Between …Jan 9, 2015 · 9. The Permanent Maxillary Premolars. The maxillary premolars number four: two in the right maxilla and two in the left maxilla. They are posterior to the canines and immediately anterior to the molars. The premolars are so named because they are anterior to the molars in the permanent dentition. In zoology, the premolars are those teeth that ... Periodontal Pocket Procedures. Your bone and gum tissue should fit snugly around your teeth like a turtleneck around your neck. When you have periodontal disease, this …Feb 11, 2020 · Introduction. A crown is a restoration that provides complete coverage of the coronal portion of a tooth. It may be composed of a variety of materials. Steps in the construction of a crown are shown in Figure 1.10. After diagnosis and treatment planning, the tooth is prepared. A temporary crown is made and then “worn” between the ... In 1908, Dr. G.V. Black developed a comprehensive method for preparing and restoring teeth by defining five classes of carious lesions using Roman numerals I through V. 16 All lesions that begin in defective pits and fissures are in class I, whereas classes II, III, IV, and V include different types of smooth surface caries.Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a term used to describe longitudinally orientated cracks or fractures originating within the tooth root. The fracture may involve proximal and/or aproximal surfaces (Pitts and Natkin, 1983; Colleagues for Excellence; American Association of Endodontists, 2008). Although VRFs are more commonly associated with ...Jan 8, 2015 · When a tooth is prepared for a class II, III, or IV restoration, at least one interproximal wall of the tooth has been removed. A matrix system creates a temporary interproximal wall for the amalgam, composite resin, or intermediate restorative material to be placed against ( Fig. 49-1 ). (The plural term for matrix is matrices.) Feb 12, 2015 · The main clinical indications for periapical radiography include: • Detection of apical infection/inflammation. • Assessment of the periodontal status. • After trauma to the teeth and associated alveolar bone. • Assessment of the presence and position of unerupted teeth. • Assessment of root morphology before extractions. Probing depth (referred to as pocket depth if periodontal disease is present) is the distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus. Probing depths in healthy gingival sulci normally range from 1 to 3 mm. A depth of greater than 3 mm is a possible cause for concern.Procedure. The stages involved in the construction of copy dentures are as follows: Record impressions of the dentures using one of the techniques described below. The technician uses these to produce the replicas. Provide an intercuspal record to help the technician mount the replicas on an articulator. Select a shade of tooth.Introduction. Dental cements are used to lute (glue or cement) inlays, crowns, bridges, and other restorations in place, as shown in Figure 7.1. These are used similar to the cements and glues of everyday life. In addition, dental cements are used for a wide variety of other dental procedures depending on the material.Finger instrument. Colour coded by size. The six colours used most often are: size 15 (white), 20 (yellow), 25 (red), 30 (blue), 35 (green) and 40 (black). Also available in size 6 (pink), 8 (grey) and 10 (purple) Operator gradually increases the size of the file to smooth, shape and enlarge canal. The larger the number of the file, the larger ...Jan 17, 2015 · Differences in Clasp Design. A fifth point of difference between the two main types of removable partial dentures lies in their requirements for direct retention. The tooth-supported partial denture, which is totally supported by abutment teeth, is retained and stabilized by a clasp at each end of each edentulous space. 5.2.1 Sodium Hypochlorite. NaOCl is the most popular irrigating solution in use today, and is considered the primary irrigant of choice during chemomechanical preparation [6]. Its active chemical compound is the free available chlorine, consisting of the hypochlorite ion (OCl −) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [7].Periodontal pockets are spaces around teeth that can harbor bacteria and cause gum disease. Learn how to diagnose, treat, and prevent them with good oral …In today’s fast-paced and stressful world, finding moments of peace and relaxation can be challenging. Thankfully, technology has come to our aid with apps that can help us unwind ...About pocket dentistry provides fastest searching 6: periodontal exam 16: implant infectious diseases adenoid cystic carcinoma of accessory parotid gland: a ...FIGURE 7-20 The color of the teeth has changed because of desiccation. Obviously, any shade decisions must be made while the natural teeth are not desiccated. When laminates are placed in the mouth and the shade is perfect, the neighboring teeth may be slightly whiter at the completion of the procedure.Are you a Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) looking to take your career to the next level? As a CDA, you have already demonstrated your dedication and commitment to the field of den...Introduction. Dental cements are used to lute (glue or cement) inlays, crowns, bridges, and other restorations in place, as shown in Figure 7.1. These are used similar to the cements and glues of everyday life. In addition, dental cements are used for a wide variety of other dental procedures depending on the material.The Facial Musculature. Six major muscle groups in the head assist with visceral functions: orbital muscles, masticatory muscles, muscles of facial expression, tongue muscles, pharynx muscles, and larynx …1. The gingiva and the covering of the hard palate, termed the masticatory mucosa (The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth.) 2. The dorsum of the tongue, covered by specialized mucosa. 3. The oral mucous membrane lining the remainder of the oral cavity.Finger instrument. Colour coded by size. The six colours used most often are: size 15 (white), 20 (yellow), 25 (red), 30 (blue), 35 (green) and 40 (black). Also available in size 6 (pink), 8 (grey) and 10 (purple) Operator gradually increases the size of the file to smooth, shape and enlarge canal. The larger the number of the file, the larger ...A diagnosis of chronic periapical periodontitis associated with an infected necrotic pulp was made for 13. The patient suffered a ‘sodium hypochlorite accident’ whilst the previous dentist was preparing the root canal. After initial pain management, reassurance and follow-up (Table 5.2.3), the treatment options discussed with the patient …Jan 5, 2015 · FIGURE 6-1 Initiation stage of odontogenesis, or tooth development, of the primary teeth on cross section, highlighting the developing mandibular arch. The stomodeum is now lined by oral epithelium, with the deeper ectomesenchyme influenced by neural crest cells. A similar situation is occurring in the maxillary arch. Mar 31, 2019 ... Dental Pocket. Apr 1, 2019. . Fókuszáljon a lényegre! Egyszerre akár ... Dental Pocket kezelés. May 21, 2018 · 65 views. 00:12. Tömés néhány ...Dec 31, 2014 · 2.2.2 Medical, dental and social history As with any surgical or dental patient, a full medical history should be taken prior to clinical examination. It is not within the scope of this book to detail the medical conditions that will impact on the delivery of orthognathic surgery, but if the patient reports any significant illnesses at initial assessment it is prudent to contact the General ... Muscles of mastication or chewing move the mandible. They include four pairs of muscles (right and left): masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles have the major control over the movements of the mandible. Each of these muscles has one end identified as its origin and the other end identified as its ...When it comes to your oral health, choosing the right dentistry clinic is crucial. Whether you need a routine check-up or require specialized dental treatment, finding a reputable ...The Operating Room. The operating room in both hospital and general dental practice should be of simple design, the walls and furniture should be made of easy-to-clean materials, and the equipment normally required should be accommodated without overcrowding. It should be well ventilated and kept at an even temperature of 18–21°C, …Learning Objectives. • Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter. • Discuss the dentin-pulp complex and describe the properties of dentin and pulp. • Describe the processes of the apposition and the maturation of dentin. • Outline the types of dentin. • Label the anatomical components of pulp.Dental radiographs are an integral part of the diagnostic process in clinical dentistry. Appropriate radiographic selection and interpretation along with clinical information and other tests are essential for the formulation of a strong differential diagnosis. Fig. 1. Panoramic radiograph showing dentition along with maxillofacial structures.Casting (1) The process by which a wax pattern is converted to a metallic replica of a prepared tooth restoration. (2) A dental restoration formed by the solidification of a molten metal in a mold. Hygroscopic expansion Amount of setting expansion that occurs when a gypsum-bonded casting investment is immersed in 38 °C water during setting.All teeth are composed of the same four tissues: Enamel – covering the whole crown of the tooth. Dentine – forming the inner bulk of the crown and root. Cementum – a thin covering of the root dentine only. Pulp – the inner neurovascular tissue of the tooth, within the central pulp chamber. The gross anatomy of the tooth is shown in ...Minecraft Pocket Edition has become one of the most popular mobile games of all time, captivating players with its endless possibilities and creative gameplay. Minecraft Pocket Edi...Primary Teeth. The first set of teeth is the primary dentition ( Figure 18-1 ). The primary dentition is exfoliated, or shed, and replaced by the permanent dentition. There are 20 total primary teeth when the primary dentition period is completed, 10 per dental arch. These include the tooth types of incisors, canines, and molars (see Figure 15-1 ).Jun 1, 2017 · Exodontia, commonly known as a dental extraction, is where a tooth or its roots are removed from its socket within the alveolar ridge. The tooth being removed could be a deciduous or a permanent tooth. Most dental practices undertake the removal of straightforward extractions on a daily basis using a local anaesthetic to provide pain-free ... An onlay can incorporate an inlay preparation or be restricted to the occlusal surface to replace an eroded occlusal table, or to raise the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Various cavity configurations of onlays and veneers are possible; for example, a veneerlay restoration that combines an onlay and veneer preparation.Feb 2, 2016 · Patient Examination and Assessment. , Y. Natalie Jeong1, Robert J. Rudy1 and Daniel K. Coleman1. (1) Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. This chapter will take a step-by-step look at the parameters for a comprehensive patient examination and assessment. Structure of enamel. Enamel is the most densely calcified tissue of the human body, and is unique in the sense that it is formed extracellularly. It is a heterogeneous structure, with mature human enamel consisting of 96% mineral, 1% organic material and 3% water by weight ( Table 2.5.1 ).Procedure. The stages involved in the construction of copy dentures are as follows: Record impressions of the dentures using one of the techniques described below. The technician uses these to produce the replicas. Provide an intercuspal record to help the technician mount the replicas on an articulator. Select a shade of tooth.Are you a Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) looking to take your career to the next level? As a CDA, you have already demonstrated your dedication and commitment to the field of den...Jan 4, 2015 · Mesial aspect ( Fig. 12-5; see also Fig. 12-8, D) The crown of a maxillary central incisor is triangular, with the base of the triangle at the cervix and the apex at the incisal ridge. The incisal ridge of the crown is centered over the middle of the root. This alignment is characteristic of maxillary central and lateral incisors. The dental hygienist may be given the responsibility of placing a periodontal dressing when assisting the dentist during surgery, when performing postoperative care, or when a patient returns to the practice with a postsurgical emergency. Necessary items for placing a periodontal dressing are listed in Table 33.1. TABLE 33.1.Jul 2, 2020 · 10.1055/b-0034-56506 Periodontitis Periodontitis maintains its position as one of the most widespread diseases of mankind, but fortunately only ca. 5–10% of all cases are aggressive, rapidly-progre… Jan 1, 2015 · 1. Micromechanical interlocking, chemical bonding with enamel and dentin, or both. 2. Copolymerization with the resin matrix of composite materials. Before the total-etch technique was adopted, enamel bonding agents were used only to enhance the wetting and adaptation of resin to conditioned enamel surfaces. Class V restorations are indicated to restore defects on the facial or lingual cervical one third of any tooth. The Class III amalgam restoration is rarely used. Its use has been supplanted by tooth-colored restorations (primarily composite), which have become increasingly wear-resistant and color-stable.Pocket Dentistry is a website that helps you find answers to your dental questions quickly and easily. You can search for any clinical problem and access a huge database of articles, videos, and images related to dentistry.Jan 8, 2015 · Universal curette Hand instrument used to treat subgingival surfaces; it has a blade with an unbroken cutting edge that curves around the toe and a flat face set at a 90-degree angle to the lower shank. Periodontics is the dental specialty involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues. A detailed radiograph film, which is exposed while in the patient’s mouth. Used in conjunction with a film holder for accurate placement. Phosphor plates are always covered in a plastic sleeve for infection prevention purposes ( Figure 2.6 ) Every film has a bump to assist in film orientation. The bump always faces towards the X-ray tube.Class 5: Periodontal lesions treated by hemisection or root amputation. Class 6: Complete and incomplete crown-root fractures. Class 7: Independent pulpal and periodontal lesions that merge into a combined lesion. Class 8: Pulpal lesions that evolve into periodontal lesions following treatment.1. Micromechanical interlocking, chemical bonding with enamel and dentin, or both. 2. Copolymerization with the resin matrix of composite materials. Before the total-etch technique was adopted, enamel bonding agents were used only to enhance the wetting and adaptation of resin to conditioned enamel surfaces.Feb 2, 2016 · Patient Examination and Assessment. , Y. Natalie Jeong1, Robert J. Rudy1 and Daniel K. Coleman1. (1) Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. This chapter will take a step-by-step look at the parameters for a comprehensive patient examination and assessment. Figure 7.1 ( A) The ugly duckling stage of dental development: (i) the maxillary lateral incisors are distally splayed and there is a midline diastema; (ii) the radiograph shows that the distal splaying is due to pressure on the lateral incisor roots by the developing canines. ( B) The combined mesio-distal width of the deciduous canine, first ...Діяльність. Hi everybody! my latest animation reel :) Вподобано Valeriy Guba. https://lnkd.in/ekkF5_M. Вподобано Valeriy Guba. Досвід. Pipeline Engineer, R&D …Haemostasis refers to the mechanisms by which the body prevents excessive loss of blood from within vessels. There are three major components of haemostasis: Local measures such as vasoconstriction. Primary haemostasis, or formation of a platelet plug. Secondary haemostasis, known as the coagulation cascade.Muscles of mastication or chewing move the mandible. They include four pairs of muscles (right and left): masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles have the major control over the movements of the mandible. Each of these muscles has one end identified as its origin and the other end identified as its ...Feb 2, 2016 · Patient Examination and Assessment. , Y. Natalie Jeong1, Robert J. Rudy1 and Daniel K. Coleman1. (1) Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. This chapter will take a step-by-step look at the parameters for a comprehensive patient examination and assessment. In 1908, Dr. G.V. Black developed a comprehensive method for preparing and restoring teeth by defining five classes of carious lesions using Roman numerals I through V. 16 All lesions that begin in defective pits and fissures are in class I, whereas classes II, III, IV, and V include different types of smooth surface caries.A submucosal collection of hemoglobin or hemosiderin, produced by extravasation and/or lysis of red blood cells, may impart a red, blue, or brown ephemeral appearance to the oral mucosa. Melanin, which is synthesized by melanocytes and nevus cells, may appear as brown, blue, or black, depending on the amount of melanin and its …Varieties. (a) Celluloid strip. Used for anterior restorations with composite materials. Also referred to as clear transparent matrix strip. Single use. Disposed of in the sharps’ container. Preformed posterior variety can be available (see Sectional matrix, Figure 9.3) (b) T-band matrix (straight and curved) Most commonly used in paedodontics.Jan 5, 2015 · FIGURE 6-1 Initiation stage of odontogenesis, or tooth development, of the primary teeth on cross section, highlighting the developing mandibular arch. The stomodeum is now lined by oral epithelium, with the deeper ectomesenchyme influenced by neural crest cells. A similar situation is occurring in the maxillary arch. The steps involved in carrying out a risk assessment on a hazard, whatever its nature, should always follow the same pattern. 1.Identify the hazard – a chemical, a piece of equipment, a procedure that occurs in the workplace, etc. 2.Identify who may be harmed – certain staff, certain patients, visitors, everyone, etc.Jan 4, 2015 · The oral cavity is the upper end and the beginning of the digestive system and at its posterior end forms a common pathway with the respiratory system. The oral cavity begins at the lips and cheeks and extends posteriorly to the area of the palatine tonsils, which are usually referred to as the tonsils. Jul 5, 2020 ... ... | INBDE, ADAT. Mental Dental•98K views · 6:42. Go to channel · Diabetes and periodontitis: The two way relationship. Hack Dentistry•14K views.Composite is the material of choice for a core when an all-ceramic crown is planned ( Figure 7.1 ). Newer hybrid composite core materials are available with various additives such as fibres, ceramic fillers, titanium and lanthanide, that claim to improve the mechanical properties of the material. Examples of these are Paracore (Coltène ...For over a decade now, ClearChoice has made a name for itself as a pioneer in the field of implant dentistry. The company’s many satisfied customers are happy with the advantages t...Pocket Dentistry is a website that helps you find answers to your dental questions quickly and easily. You can search for any clinical problem and access a huge database of articles, videos, and images related to dentistry.A dental liner is a material that is usually placed in a thin layer over exposed dentine within a cavity preparation. Its functions are dentinal sealing, pulpal protection, thermal insulation and stimulation of the formation of irregular secondary (tertiary) dentine. A dental base is a material that is placed on the floor of the cavity ...Dental radiographs are an integral part of the diagnostic process in clinical dentistry. Appropriate radiographic selection and interpretation along with clinical information and other tests are essential for the formulation of a strong differential diagnosis. Fig. 1. Panoramic radiograph showing dentition along with maxillofacial structures.Learn how to use various indices to evaluate plaque, gingivitis, and periodontal disease in clinical and epidemiologic settings. Find definitions, diagrams, and formulas for …Apical root resorption during tooth movement can result in significant shortening of the roots directly due to continued pressure during orthodontic tooth movements. Teeth will remain asymptomatic, and provided the underlying forces used to tooth movement are not heavy, the pulp remains vital.Edu. Gum Disease. Periodontal Pockets Cleaning Treatment. Periodontal Pockets: Cleaning & Treatment. Any type of periodontal disease treatment requires good daily …Jul 5, 2020 ... ... | INBDE, ADAT. Mental Dental•98K views · 6:42. Go to channel · Diabetes and periodontitis: The two way relationship. Hack Dentistry•14K views.The handpiece provides power and rotary motion, whereas the dental bur, which is held securely in the handpiece, does the actual cutting or polishing. Handpieces and burs have a variety of uses in restorative dentistry ( Box 19-2 ). The two most commonly used types of handpieces are the low-speed handpiece and the high-speed …Hot Pockets are the general name of microwaveable filled “pockets” that are a delicious and quick choice for a snack or a meal. There are several different types of Hot Pockets, in...Acrylic. Poly (methyl methacrylate) – so–called ‘acrylic resin’ – is usually the material of choice for full denture bases and ‘gumwork’ for removable devices. It has also been the chemical model for many other material developments in dentistry, such as restorative materials. The properties, behaviour and handling of poly (methyl ...
Management of Impacted Third Molars. Impacted third molars occur in a significant number of patients and often require treatment because of presence of symptoms and/or disease. Management of these teeth typically involves referral to oral and maxillofacial surgeons for diagnosis, treatment planning, and ultimate removal if indicated.. First and farmers national bank somerset ky
Jan 5, 2015 · The development of the permanent dentition is discussed in Chapter 6. FIGURE 16-1 Permanent anterior teeth identified, which include the incisors and canines. FIGURE 16-2 Example of lobe development in a permanent anterior tooth. The long crown of an anterior tooth has an incisal surface, which is its masticatory surface ( Figure 16-3 ). Aug 15, 2017 · Usually, an occlusion or malocclusion is classified according to terms of discrepancies between the jaws, for example sagittal (anterior-posterior), vertical and transversal relationships including functional abnormalities between the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. In addition, anomalies within the jaws, for example crowding and ... Cephalometric radiography. Cephalometric radiography is a standardized and reproducible form of skull radiography used extensively in orthodontics to assess the relationships of the teeth to the jaws and the jaws to the rest of the facial skeleton. Standardization was essential for the development of cephalometry – the …Finger instrument. Colour coded by size. The six colours used most often are: size 15 (white), 20 (yellow), 25 (red), 30 (blue), 35 (green) and 40 (black). Also available in size 6 (pink), 8 (grey) and 10 (purple) Operator gradually increases the size of the file to smooth, shape and enlarge canal. The larger the number of the file, the larger ...Jan 5, 2015 · Fig. 5.2 Schematic representation of the different stages in the formation of dental plaque: (A) 1. Pellicle forms on a clean tooth surface. 2 (i) Bacteria are transported passively to the tooth surface where they 2 (ii) may be held reversibly by weak electrostatic forces of attraction. (B) 3. Jan 1, 2015 · 1. Micromechanical interlocking, chemical bonding with enamel and dentin, or both. 2. Copolymerization with the resin matrix of composite materials. Before the total-etch technique was adopted, enamel bonding agents were used only to enhance the wetting and adaptation of resin to conditioned enamel surfaces. Five Temporomandibular Joint Ligaments. Medial and lateral collateral (discal) ligament: Attaches the articular disc to the medial and lateral condylar head (see Figure 29.4 in Case Report 29.1). Separates the joint into superior and inferior compartments. Allows the disc to rotate on the condylar head. Capsular ligament: …Jul 5, 2020 ... ... | INBDE, ADAT. Mental Dental•98K views · 6:42. Go to channel · Diabetes and periodontitis: The two way relationship. Hack Dentistry•14K views.The ideal properties of a denture base material are shown in Table 3.2.1. Table 3.2.1. Criteria for an ideal denture base material. Acrylic resins are popular because they meet many of the criteria set out in Table 3.2.1. In particular, dentures made from acrylic resin are easy to process using inexpensive techniques, and are aesthetically ...Jan 4, 2015 · It appears darker if a root canal procedure has been performed. Dentin is composed of 70% inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals, 20% organic collagen fibers with small amounts of other proteins, and 10% water by weight. With 20% less mineral than enamel, dentin is softer, although it is slightly harder than bone or cementum. Depth of pin in restorative material should be 2–2.5 mm. At least 1 mm of core material should surround the pin. Pin placement should be at least 0.5 mm inside the enamel-dentine junction. The first two …Probing depth (referred to as pocket depth if periodontal disease is present) is the distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus. Probing depths in healthy gingival sulci normally range from 1 to 3 mm. A depth of greater than 3 mm is a possible cause for concern.Outline. Panoramic imaging (also called pantomography) is a technique for producing a single image of the facial structures that includes both the maxillary and the mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures ( Fig. 10-1 ). This technique produces a tomographic image in that it selectively images a specific body layer.Introduction. A crown is a restoration that provides complete coverage of the coronal portion of a tooth. It may be composed of a variety of materials. Steps in the construction of a crown are shown in Figure 1.10. After diagnosis and treatment planning, the tooth is prepared. A temporary crown is made and then “worn” between the ...The dental hygienist may be given the responsibility of placing a periodontal dressing when assisting the dentist during surgery, when performing postoperative care, or when a patient returns to the practice with a postsurgical emergency. Necessary items for placing a periodontal dressing are listed in Table 33.1. TABLE 33.1..