2024 2 centimeters dilated and 70 effaced

Oct 31, 2018 ... GUID: B8C5EB70 ... cm dilation (2, 3, etc.). The Consortium on ... diagnosed dystocia at cervical dilation of at least 3 cm and complete effacement .... Mello buckz

Sep 9, 2011 ... I was checked for the first time at 38 weeks and was 2 cm and 70% effaced. At 39 weeks no change except for baby being less engaged than the ...mamaoftwo-. Apr 1, 2024 at 2:27 PM. Can’t really tell! Everyone is different too! For my first I was 1cm and 70-% effaced from 38 to when my water broke at 39 wks. I labored for 24 hours and didn’t have any progress for MOST of that time. I progressed 2cm to 10cm in like two hours after sleeping when I got my epidural.As labor begins, the cervix starts to soften, shorten and thin (efface). You might feel mild, irregular contractions or nothing at all. Effacement is often expressed in percentages. At 0% effacement, the cervix is at least 2 centimeters long, or very thick. Your cervix must be 100% effaced, or completely thinned out, before a vaginal delivery.BabyPforMe. Posted 03-11-15. so I had my membranes swept today at my appointment. I was already 2cm dilated and 70% effaced. Anyone have any similar stories to share who had their membranes swept ...What Is Cervical Dilation? Dilation is characterized by an opening of the cervix, which allows the baby to move from the uterus to the birth canal. There's no set …70% effaced and no dilation. j. jo80hanna. Feb 16, 2011 at 2:45 PM. I had my "37th" week appointment today. I am not 37 weeks until friday but my appts are on weds or sometimes thursdays so the hubby can come. Well today was the first visit that I was checked for dilation and effacment. The doctor said things are looking good, but he said I …Checked into labor and delivery 16 hours after my appt at 8 cm & 80%. ETA this was my second baby. For my first I think I was 2 cm, decently effaced (50% maybe) at 36.5 weeks and 4 cm, maybe 70% at 38.5 weeks. Got a sweep at that appt and water broke at 39+1. Headed straight to L&D and was 6 cm when I checked in.Already 2 cm dilated and 70% effaced… nervous! And panicking!!! February 17, 2023 | by dbgalloway12. I am 36 weeks today.Went to my doctor yesterday (35w6d) …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A primigravid client at 30 weeks' gestation has been admitted to the hospital with premature rupture of the membranes without contractions. Her cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which factor is mostimportant for the nurse to assess next?, A multigravid client admitted to the labor …Feb 20, 2024 ... During the course of pregnancy, the cervix remains closed (0 centimeters dilated), firm, and long, helping to keep your baby in the uterus until ...Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine. Mayo Clinic School of Graduate …38 weeks, 2cm dilated, lost mucus plug. m. mellyjoe04. Posted 07-31-13. So whats next? I found out on Monday that I was 2cm and then lost my mucus plug on Tuesday. ... Was 2 cm and 70% effaced as ...When a woman is 2 centimeters dilated, it is considered early labor and can still take many hours to advance to active labor once contractions set in, according to Mayo Clinic. Thi...Your cervix must be effaced before it can dilate, so paying attention to your effacement is just as important. For example, I’ve had clients in labor that were declared 5 cm dilated and 70% effaced, and then after two hours, they were rechecked and still 5 cm but 90% effaced.37 weeks: 3cm dilated & 70% effaced!! s. sweetiejenn. Jan 14, 2010 at 1:11 PM. Ahh! My due date is February 4th, but according to my doctor, I'll probably have a January baby! She said I could literally go into labor TONIGHT. Or it could be another week still. I feel so unprepared!See full list on whattoexpect.com I was 90% effaced and 1cm dilated at 36 weeks and my dd was born at 38 weeks. When I arrived at the hospital, two days later, I was 100% effaced and 5cm dilated. You can walk around for weeks fully effaced and slightly dilated. The birth of your baby really depends upon if your body and your baby are ready. Good luck!When you build a spec home, you'll have to work with a mortgage lender. If you're a builder building a custom home for a client, that client will get a mortgage loan to pay you whi...I'm only dilated to 1 cm but I'm 50% effaced. I've been this way for 3 weeks now. Ugh. Jlsteele11. Posted 10-10-12. @missing- im due Saturday and am also 1cm 50%!!!! I know that means nothing but ...Newest First. Oldest First. G. Gabriella719. I’m about the same as of yesterday! I started dilating 3 weeks ago at 1 cm, when my OB checked yesterday (36 + 2 days) I was 2 cm and 25%-50% effaced. She said I definitely won’t make it to my due date and told me to try to hold out until the 27th when she’s on call!3.5 cm dilated & 70% effaced. a. Alexaa1717. Last edited 03-09-20. 37 weeks & 1 day today and I’ve dilated half a cm since last week’s check, how long did it take you to go into labor at this ...Next, as the baby moves further down, the cervix is fully effaced and 5 centimeters dilated (labor is well underway!). Finally, at birth, the cervix is fully effaced and dilated to 10 cm (here comes the baby!). Full Transcript: Maternity - L&D, part 3: Stages of Labor, Effacement vs. Dilation.With my first I was 4cm dilated and 80%effaced for 2 weeks With this little guy I just had I was 2cm 60% at 36 week and 3cm60% at 37weeks 3days. And my water broke at 38w2d with no contractions prior and he was born an hour and half later.We may earn a commission for products purchased through links on this pageJan 13, 2022 · In figures A and B, the cervix is tightly closed. In figure C, the cervix is 60% effaced and 1 to 2 cm dilated. In figure D, the cervix is 90% effaced and 4 to 5 cm dilated. The cervix must be 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated before a vaginal delivery. M.F. answers from Phoenix on November 01, 2010. I was 90% effaced and 1 cm dialated from week 35 to delivery with my first (#2 is still in my belly). If you're 36 weeks and do go into labor, don't worry. 36 weeks is considered full-term and the lungs are most often developed enough by then that there is not need for concern.Studying Cave Biology - Studying cave biology started in the 1700s. Learn about cave biologists and studying cave biology in this article. Advertisement Perhaps we can trace the or...Newest First. Oldest First. G. Gabriella719. I’m about the same as of yesterday! I started dilating 3 weeks ago at 1 cm, when my OB checked yesterday (36 + 2 days) I was 2 cm and 25%-50% effaced. She said I definitely won’t make it to my due date and told me to try to hold out until the 27th when she’s on call!No decelerations. Spontaneous accelerations noted. Uterine contractions occurring every 2 min, lasting 40 to 60 seconds in duration. Palpate as moderate intensity. Vaginal examination performed. Cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Select the 3 findings that should be ..."Psychopath eyes" occurs when pupils dilate in response to seeing something upsetting. Non-verbal cues may help you identify psychopathic characteristics. Psychopathy has been a Ho...Sep 9, 2011 ... I was checked for the first time at 38 weeks and was 2 cm and 70% effaced. At 39 weeks no change except for baby being less engaged than the ...70 effaced. If you're told you're "70 effaced," that means you're 70 percent effaced, so you're roughly three-quarters of the way to where you need to be to have your baby. 80 effaced. If you're "80 effaced," that means you're 80 percent effaced. You're only 20 percent away from being fully effaced at 100 percent, which is when you're ready to ...Jul 13, 2023 · Dilation. The cervix, normally closed, opens up or "dilates" from 0 cm to 10 cm in width during birth. But you can be 1-3 cm dilated before labor begins. Effacement. The cervix will efface (shorten) from 100% of its normal length to 0% during birth. But you can be 50% effaced or more before labor begins. Engagement. 40 weeks today on 4/9-due date!! Tired of waiting on baby and in so much pain… constant sharp pain and cramping. Been dilated since 37 weeks now: 1cm 70% effaced @37, 2-2.5 cm 70% effaced @ 38, 3-3.5 70% effaced @39….. now trying to …Once your cervix has shortened to 1 cm, it is 50% effaced. As you can see in the diagram above, it’s our goal to reach 100% effacement so there is no cervix left. As …Oct 28, 2010 · Hi, Ladies, I just got back from my weekly doctor appointment and my cervix has slightly changed since my last appt. I am 2 cm dilated, 50% effaced, and the baby's head is very low. So low that the doctor said she had to press up on it to get to my cervix. My cervix is currently high, which is good. But if it lowers doc said the baby's head ... 2-3 cm dilated & 70% effaced at 36 weeks. MadAsh127 member. April 2012. I was having contractions all day yesterday (which ended up passing by the time I went to bed), so the dr had me come in and checked me out, turns out I'm between 2 and 3 cm dilated and 70% effaced. She said I could go into active labor anytime in the next 24 to 48 hours ...I was 3 cm dilated, 90% effaced at my 37w 1d appointment today .... a good progress from 1 cm dilated, 70% effaced last week. Doc said there's about a 75% chance I would deliver by this weekend, so we went ahead and did the 'membrane stripping'.For those of you who've had your membrane stripped, either for...3.5 cm dilated & 70% effaced. a. Alexaa1717. Last edited 03-09-20. 37 weeks & 1 day today and I’ve dilated half a cm since last week’s check, how long did it take you to go into labor at this ...Is your cervix soft? Or, is it hard like a rubber tire? Softer cervixes are what we call ripened. Your cervix will start out hard like a rubber tire, but then soften to a …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A primigravid client at 30 weeks' gestation has been admitted to the hospital with premature rupture of the membranes without contractions. Her cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which factor is mostimportant for the nurse to assess next?, A multigravid client admitted to the labor area is scheduled for a cesarean birth ...A woman’s cervix needs to be 100 percent effaced and 10 centimeters dilated to give birth vaginally; therefore, being 70 percent effaced means her cervix is 30 percent away from be...But being 75% effaced is GREAT!! This was exactly like my first and he was born at 38.5. Yea how they sit in your body does affect measurements and it’s NBD if the measurement is within 1 or maybe 2 in of EDD. I've been 1-2cm and 75% effaced since 36wks. had my 38wk appointment today and now just 2cm 75% effaced.Sep 11, 2020 at 4:19 PM. How far along are you? It really just depends on your body. My first pregnancy I was Dilated 2 cm for 2 weeks before my water broke. My second I started …Oct 31, 2018 ... GUID: B8C5EB70 ... cm dilation (2, 3, etc.). The Consortium on ... diagnosed dystocia at cervical dilation of at least 3 cm and complete effacement ...Jan 8, 2024 at 9:33 AM. Unfortunately doesn’t mean much. At my 38 week i was 3 cm at 70% effaced. Today at 39 + 3 4 cm dilated cervix forward and “very thin” according to …Mar 6, 2012 at 9:14 AM. So when I went in for my appointment today, my doc told me I am completely effaced and 1cm dilated. Now that I've been reading up, I've read a lot that says when you are 100% effaced, it means labor is coming soon. I'm about 36 weeks, FTM. I know I still don't know, but I've been feeling like I still have lots of time ...With my first I was 4cm dilated and 80%effaced for 2 weeks With this little guy I just had I was 2cm 60% at 36 week and 3cm60% at 37weeks 3days. And my water broke at 38w2d with no contractions prior and he was born an hour and half later.With ODD I was 2 cm and 70% effaced from 36-39 weeks when I was induced. This time I went into early labor and with no meds to stop progression and moderate bed rest and have stayed at 2 cm 50% ...Jul 26, 2016 · My last OB appointment was last Friday (July 22nd) and my cervix was completely closed. Today my OB checked and I am 2.5 cm dialted adn 70% effaced! She said it was a quick change and she seemed a little surprised. 3.5 cm dilated & 70% effaced. a. Alexaa1717. Last edited 03-09-20. 37 weeks & 1 day today and I’ve dilated half a cm since last week’s check, how long did it take you to go into labor at this ...No decelerations. Spontaneous accelerations noted. Uterine contractions occurring every 2 min, lasting 40 to 60 seconds in duration. Palpate as moderate intensity. Vaginal examination performed. Cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Select the 3 findings that should be ...Feb 12, 2020 · Effacement is measured in percentages ranging from 0 to 100 percent. You’re considered 0 percent effaced if your cervix is longer than 2 centimeters, about the same size as the raised lip of a ... Jan 24, 2018 · I went in to have my membranes stripped early in the morning at 2cm and by midnight I was having contractions 6-8min apart. I did do some walking and ate spicy food through out the day. By 3am I was at the hospital 5cm dilated. They had me walk for an hour in the hall to get me to 6cm then I was admitted :) 2. 2under2-2022. Feb 11, 2022 at 2:15 PM. I have been 1.5cm dilated, and 50% effaced for 2 weeks was checked at 37 weeks and I just got a membrane sweep today at 39 weeks and didn’t change at all even though I believed labor symptoms were picking up so hoping that helps me go. Like.It’s also elongated, measuring around 3.5 to 4 centimeters. However, when early labor begins and contractions kick in, your cervix starts to thin out. It gradually …In figures A and B, the cervix is tightly closed. In figure C, the cervix is 60% effaced and 1 to 2 cm dilated. In figure D, the cervix is 90% effaced and 4 to 5 cm dilated. …Sep 22, 2023 · I was dilating about 1 cm a week so it was still about 2+ weeks from when I was 2cm dilated until labor started. that makes sense! I was 1 cm last week so that’s probably my case. I was those exact measurements like 2-3 weeks before my first baby arrived. I was 2cm dilated and 60% effaced at my 36 week appt. I was 2cm dilated (“a soft 2cm as opposed to a firm 2cm”) and 70% effaced at my 36 week (exactly) appointment this past week. As of yesterday (36+5) I am absolutely miserable! My back hurts, I can’t sleep, I wake up sore, I’m irritable and nauseas. Having intense pelvic girdle pain and have decided I’m not leaving the house until this ...What does cervical effacement mean? Essentially, effacement refers to the thinning of your cervix, the low, narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina, …Even if you're not a professionally trained hotel inspector, what should you be looking for when you check in to get an idea about the level of cleanliness at a property? AAA recen...Jan 3, 2022 at 2:28 PM. I had a sweep at around 10am Thursday . I was 38+6. 4cm dilated 80% effaced. I began to lose more of my mucus plug around 5pm, and went for a walk. Next day at 39 weeks, I felt nothing. Took a nap and woke up at about 3:15pm with back pain and contractions. I waited about 20 mins to time contractions.I have been at 1.5 cm since 28 weeks and am now 33 weeks. I’ve gone from 50 % to 75% effaced over the last couple of weeks. You can basically hang out for months. I’m still having the cramping and Braxton-Hicks contractions, but I’m trying to wait until next Wednesday morning when my appointment is.Oct 31, 2018 ... GUID: B8C5EB70 ... cm dilation (2, 3, etc.). The Consortium on ... diagnosed dystocia at cervical dilation of at least 3 cm and complete effacement ...40 weeks today on 4/9-due date!! Tired of waiting on baby and in so much pain… constant sharp pain and cramping. Been dilated since 37 weeks now: 1cm 70% effaced @37, 2-2.5 cm 70% effaced @ 38, 3-3.5 70% effaced @39….. now trying to keep moving...I have been 100% effaced and 3cm for almost three weeks:/. I’m 5cm and 80% at 37 weeks. Had my first one in 3 hours so def a little on edge after finding out the news today BUT reading lots of posts that people go weeks like this so not holding my breath. FTM here at 36 weeks. 70-80% effaced and 2 cm dilated.Nov 27, 2014 at 12:03 PM. I started to lose mine yesterday morning (39+1), I was 1cm dilated at the time. Contractions started an hour or so later! Most of the plug came away when my waters broke at 2-3cm. Baby arrived a few hours later! h. heyitsLeigh. Nov 27, 2014 at 12:11 PM.M.F. answers from Phoenix on November 01, 2010. I was 90% effaced and 1 cm dialated from week 35 to delivery with my first (#2 is still in my belly). If you're 36 weeks and do go into labor, don't worry. 36 weeks is considered full-term and the lungs are most often developed enough by then that there is not need for concern.DCMoore1. Nov 14, 2017 at 4:12 PM. I went in yesterday, will be 36 weeks officially tomorrow, I am 75% effaced and 1 cm dilated, the baby has dropped and he said her head was right on my cervix. My whole family seems shocked and like I will go into labor before my due date. So I am Curious what others were at this time during previous pregnancies.When your cervix has completely thinned, you’re 100% effaced. When you’re 100% effaced, it means your cervix can’t thin or shorten any further. What is the difference between dilation and effacement? Dilation is when your cervix opens. It’s measured in centimeters. If your cervix is completely closed, you’re 0 centimeters (cm) dilated.Even if you're not a professionally trained hotel inspector, what should you be looking for when you check in to get an idea about the level of cleanliness at a property? AAA recen...April 14, 2024 | by caileeanne. I just want this baby outta me already!!!Just over 36 weeks and yesterday was having contractions so went to L&D. Baby's head is about as low as you can go without crowning, 4cm dilated, 70% effaced. …Effacement is different from dilation, which refers to how much the cervix has opened (from 1 centimeter to 10 centimeters). However, the two are closely related. …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A primigravid client at 30 weeks' gestation has been admitted to the hospital with premature rupture of the membranes without contractions. Her cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which factor is mostimportant for the nurse to assess next?, A multigravid client admitted to the labor area is scheduled for a cesarean birth ...Effacement – this one is less well known. Your cervix is normally around 5 cm thick and squeezed shut through your entire pregnancy. Effacement is when your cervix thins out to a small layer (scaled by a percentage). When your doctor says your 100% effaced, that means you’re as thin as your going to get. Image courtesy of babycenter.com.Transistors and the Computer Age - Transistors and the computer age are linked together. Learn about computing, transistors and the computer age. Advertisement Once mass-produced t...Had my 38 week appointment yesterday and I’m already 2-3 cm dilated and 70% effaced! No signs of labor. STM. With my first, I was 1 cm dilated until induction at 40+2 after water broke. If you’ve been told you were significantly dilated and/or effaced at an appointment, how long after did you go into...Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. i'm 2cm dilated and 70% effaced and they can feel head. how much longer until i will have the baby?: Any time: it's good to have a cervix that is dilated and thinning out,May 30, 2014 ... You mentioned that you're 38 weeks along and this week they told you that you're two centimeters dilated and almost fully effaced but last ...For a standard routine delivery you must be 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated. so recording of 4cm dilated and 70% effaced indicated you are entering the final stages of preparing the baby for delivery.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.

2 cm dilated and 80% effaced! kellynkids. June 2011. Full story from my blog: Well this has been an exciting week. Last Thursday I had my 35.2 week check up where the doctor checked my cervix to see if my body was progressing towards labor. My cervix was soft and I was possibly a small centimeter dilated. Well after that …. Penn foster graduation requirements

Jan 13, 2022 · In figures A and B, the cervix is tightly closed. In figure C, the cervix is 60% effaced and 1 to 2 cm dilated. In figure D, the cervix is 90% effaced and 4 to 5 cm dilated. The cervix must be 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated before a vaginal delivery. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A primigravid client at 30 weeks' gestation has been admitted to the hospital with premature rupture of the membranes without contractions. Her cervix is 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Which factor is mostimportant for the nurse to assess next?, A multigravid client admitted to the labor area is scheduled for a cesarean birth ...Hi, Ladies, I just got back from my weekly doctor appointment and my cervix has slightly changed since my last appt. I am 2 cm dilated, 50% effaced, and the baby's head is very low. So low that the doctor said she had to press up on it to get to my cervix. My cervix is currently high, which is good. But if it lowers doc said the baby's head ...Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. i'm 2cm dilated and 70% effaced and they can feel head. how much longer until i will have the baby?: Any time: it's good to have a cervix that is dilated and thinning out,Dr. Robert Grindstaff answered. Addiction Medicine 40 years experience. Dilated: you are progressing ok don't worry about speeding things up she your body and the baby are ready you will go into active labor. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but …70 effaced. If you're told you're "70 effaced," that means you're 70 percent effaced, so you're roughly three-quarters of the way to where you need to be to have your baby. 80 effaced. If you're "80 effaced," that means you're 80 percent effaced. You're only 20 percent away from being fully effaced at 100 percent, which is when you're ready to ...She said I was 2cm dilated, 70% effaced and the baby's head is far into the pelvis. I am hoping to get through Halloween but am also getting antsy. ... From 36-38 weeks, I was 1 cm dilated and 50% effaced. Went in for my 39 week appt and I made huge progress. 4-5 cm dilated and 80% effaced. Had my sweet little boy later that evening. :)Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine. Mayo Clinic School of Graduate …Feb 12, 2020 · Effacement is measured in percentages ranging from 0 to 100 percent. You’re considered 0 percent effaced if your cervix is longer than 2 centimeters, about the same size as the raised lip of a ... Jan 3, 2022 · Jan 3, 2022 at 2:28 PM. I had a sweep at around 10am Thursday . I was 38+6. 4cm dilated 80% effaced. I began to lose more of my mucus plug around 5pm, and went for a walk. Next day at 39 weeks, I felt nothing. Took a nap and woke up at about 3:15pm with back pain and contractions. I waited about 20 mins to time contractions. Apr 9, 2018 at 11:28 AM. I was 2 cm 60% effaced when checked on Thursday. Some mild contractions since, lost a bunch of my mucus plug this morning, but no labor yet. With my first I was 4 cm for almost five weeks. With my second I started dilating at 30 weeks and he was born at 39.6!We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.July 2010. At 25 weeks, we found out that my cervix has shortened to 2.5 (which I know isn't THAT bad), I'm 1 cm dilated, and 70% effaced. I have been having contractions, although I believe they are just BH as there is no pattern to them. They did a fibronection test and it was negative. Just bed rest for now and they will check everything ...Jan 3, 2022 at 2:28 PM. I had a sweep at around 10am Thursday . I was 38+6. 4cm dilated 80% effaced. I began to lose more of my mucus plug around 5pm, and went for a walk. Next day at 39 weeks, I felt nothing. Took a nap and woke up at about 3:15pm with back pain and contractions. I waited about 20 mins to time contractions.Normally, before pregnancy and during the early months of pregnancy, your cervix is long and firm — around 2 to 3 cm long. Effacement (measured in percentage) is the process of your cervix becoming thinner, softer, and shorter. In late pregnancy or early labor, Braxton Hicks contractions start to shorten (efface) your cervix.Once your cervix …I was 2cm dilated (“a soft 2cm as opposed to a firm 2cm”) and 70% effaced at my 36 week (exactly) appointment this past week. As of yesterday (36+5) I am absolutely miserable! My back hurts, I can’t sleep, I wake up sore, I’m irritable and nauseas. Having intense pelvic girdle pain and have decided I’m not leaving the house until this ...40 weeks today on 4/9-due date!! Tired of waiting on baby and in so much pain… constant sharp pain and cramping. Been dilated since 37 weeks now: 1cm 70% effaced @37, 2-2.5 cm 70% effaced @ 38, 3-3.5 70% effaced @39….. now trying to keep moving...Jun 12, 2018 at 8:32 AM. Currently 38 weeks and 1 day and 3 cm dilated and 70% effaced. I know you can be dilated for a long time with no contractions (I was 2 cm at 36 weeks). I’ve had some mild cramping and tightening over the last couple weeks but nothing very painful and mostly irregular. Wondering at how many centimeters dilated were you ...4 cm dilated 80% effaced! No contractions. a. amquinn66. Jan 7, 2021 at 6:53 PM. I went to my OB appointment today thinking I was going to be 3 cm dilated since so was 2 cm last week. I am just shy of 39 weeks. After my check the OB announced I was 4 cm and 80% effaced. I was shocked as I was 3 cm and feeling active cramping with my first child.1cm dilated, 70% effaced, 0 Station at 35 weeks. sbs73. Posted 08-11-10. ... With my first, I was at 2 cm, 70% effaced, for about 3 weeks. I kept thinking I was going to go early...my daughter was ....

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