Code $07e8 - This code means that the car’s computer detected trouble with the EVAP system vent valve’s function. This vent valve is also known as the purge valve. The computer is responsible for monitoring and controlling the purge valve. If the P0446 DTC sets, it could indicate that there’s an electrical failure in the circuit or a mechanical ...

 
The first and foremost thing that you need to do to fix the 7e8 engine code is to find the DLC, i.e., the Data Link Connector. The location of DLC will vary based on the model of Chevy that you are using. Connect the code scanner tool to the DLC port: Secondly, connect the code scanner tool with the DLC port of your Chevy.. Joe benanti bonanno

Finding info about the general code P0700 is easy, but nothing about sub-codes. The one reference I found online indicated that P0700 $07e8 indicates a bad transmission inhibitor switch. Other related references don't mention a solution, but come from owners whose car isn't shifting properly, which would make sense.This particular code indicates a range or performance malfunction within the Turbo/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor (TCIP) circuit. The turbo/supercharger are responsible for increasing "volumetric efficiency" (amount of air) within the combustion chamber by creating pressure within the intake system. Generally speaking Turbochargers are ...When you determine their engine code 7E8, some of the following can be the cause of it: Broken Fuel Filler Cap. The fuel filler cap. The fuel filler cap is critical to the car’s evaporative emission control system. It keeps fuel from evaporating in the fuel tank and keeps foreign materials and water from entering and contaminating the power.HELP! 2017 Ford Escape P0741 ($07e8) fault code. My code reader is showing the above code. From my research it seems like it is a faulty VVT solenoid valve. The CEL also came on but is not flashing. This happened the other day after driving for about 30 minutes on the hiway at around 70-75mph.Code P1682$07E8. SERVICE TRACTION, ENG PWR REDUCED, SERVICE ESC, the car runs awfully. Jump to Latest Follow 18K views ...Jan 7, 2023 · $07E8 code, I did, changed the purge valve, changed the gas cap, Tried to clear the code, it still popped up 2007 5.4 L, - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. They are generic codes that are used by some scan tools or code readers to indicate that there are additional codes stored in the vehicle's Engine Control Module (ECM). The $7E8 code typically refers to the engine, while the $7E9 code refers to the transmission. These are CAN codes so you have a PCM or BCM that is not working but I have seen ...OBDII scanner interprets the codes and displays the menu. Some scanners can't solve these codes and show the codes instead of the interpretation. Clicking on the code menu will read the OBDII codes (e.g. P0420 or P0455), if any, from that system. Menu Code 7E8 ($7E8): Engine System Menu Code 7E9 ($7E9): Transmission SystemOBD2 Diagnostic Trouble Code P07E8 means that Transmission Range Control 'A' Circuit/Open has been detected. Carly Universal Scanner. iOS and Android enabled. All …The P0013 code stands for “Exhaust “B” Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1).” Some issues that may trigger the code include a bad oil control valve, problems with the VVT solenoid control circuit, and issues with the PCM. Symptoms to look out for include ignition issues, poor mileage, and rough running.These 3 control modules allow the scan tool to read data. The fault codes will be in the engine control module, but the 7E8 is letting you know there are codes. You need to select the engine control module to read those codes. The same for 7E9. When you retrieve the codes (if there are any), signal back if you need assistance in the code meaning.P0138 is a common OBDII code that occurs in many vehicles, including the Kia Sedona. The code is triggered when: The voltage at the sensor remains above threshold for 20 seconds or more. Voltage to the sensor is to high (wiring problem, think short) Bad O2 sensor itself. There are also some less likely problems that can cause …The diagnostic trouble code is the code your OBD generates to tell you something is wrong. The DTC allows you to home in on the system that is not functioning properly. For example, if your vehicle’s OBD detects a leak in the evaporative emission system, you may see a P0442 code. On most vehicles nowadays, there are hundreds of possible DTCs ...P0101 $07e8 error code. Filters replaced as ecm reprogramming completed, Yes to scan tool, and 141km or 87,600 miles, - Answered by a verified Nissan MechanicP0128 is a generic powertrain code that means the engine control module (ECM) detected that the motor hadn’t reached its required operating temperature within the required timeframe set by the manufacturer. This timeframe depends on other facts, such as ambient temperature.Jun 12, 2017 · They found a P0441 code and said it pertained to RRT 17-015 (IM Purge Port Excess Flash Matl). They performed a repair and every thing was fine, no lights or performance issues. Today I was working on an older Dakota 5,2L and had the OBD tool out. I hooked it up to the Rubicon and found two stored codes in my system ($7E8 and $7E9). Clicking on the code menu will read the OBDII codes (e.g. P0420 or P0455), if any, from that system. Menu Code 7E8 ($7E8): Engine System Menu Code 7E9 ($7E9): Transmission System Menu Code 7EA ($7EA): Engine Management. Related questions 2 like 0 dislike. 1 answer 9.6k views. Ive had the codes 7E8 and 7EC on a 2008 bmw 335d …The code is P0100 $07E8 Mass or Volume Air Flow A Circuit. Read full answer. Jan 07, 2020 • Cars & Trucks. 0 helpful. 1 answer. I plugged in code for 2009 dodge ram 1500...P0306, $07E8 ...can any one help me with this? P0306 is a generic OBD code, the other one is probably brand specific. Check the link below for help with the generic …The 7E8 code is a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that indicates an issue within the engine control system. Specifically, 7E8 signifies that there is a problem with …traineex. •. Nope. That was a tough one to confirm. They are both for the car computer attempting to communicate with the dealership computer, but it isnt there. Reply. traineex. •. U were right to question. 07xx is usually a transmission code.If the ECU determines the signal from the fuel pressure sensor is too high, it will trigger a P0193 trouble code. This can be caused by a faulty fuel rail pressure sensor, wiring issues, or an actually too high fuel pressure. P0190 OBD-II Trouble Code: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Malfunction. Categories: OBD Codes.P26C8 and $07E8. Jump to Latest Follow. 8K views 3 replies 2 participants last post by Cutlass Jun 16, 2020. Vava-kurd Discussion starter. 9 posts · Joined 2020. #1 · Jun 15, 2020. Hi guys, Does anybody …1 Mar 2020 ... In this video I have a 2010 Ford Fusion the check engine light on. My code reader revealed the P1450 code. It is a quick and easy fix for ...What the P0010 code means. P0010 is a generic OBD-II code indicating an issue with the engine control module (ECM) detecting a variation in the mechanical timing between the crankshaft and bank 1 camshaft. The timing issue is typically detected during higher RPMs of the engine when the ECM attempts to adjust valve lift during higher speeds.OBD2 Diagnostic Trouble Code P07E8 means that Transmission Range Control 'A' Circuit/Open has been detected. Carly Universal Scanner. iOS and Android enabled. All …P0014 indicates that the camshaft position sensors detected an incorrect camshaft timing on camshaft B on bank 1. In most cases, this means that there is a problem with your variable camshaft timing control, but it can also mean that there is a problem with the camshaft timing. The timing between the camshafts and crankshaft must be correct for ...Fuel Trim Cylinder Balance. P1174 stands for Fuel Trim Cylinder Balance (Bank 1). These codes are set by your Silverado’s engine control unit (ECU) when a difference in the fuel-air mixture between cylinders of Bank 1 or 2 is detected by their respective oxygen sensors. P1175 means the same exact thing as P1174, just for the …Nov 12, 2015 · First time: car sat for most of the weekend. stopped at a stop sign, car produced the red triangle of death, the screen said the informative word, "Problem" and the car stopped dead. OBD reader said $7E8 and $7EA. Tried a jump and clearing the codes to get it working (not sure it needed a jump). Ran fine for a week. Fuel Trim Cylinder Balance. P1174 stands for Fuel Trim Cylinder Balance (Bank 1). These codes are set by your Silverado’s engine control unit (ECU) when a difference in the fuel-air mixture between cylinders of Bank 1 or 2 is detected by their respective oxygen sensors. P1175 means the same exact thing as P1174, just for the …The code is a menu of systems that the OBDII scanner can access. OBDII scanner interprets the code and displays the menu. Some scanners can't solve these codes and show the codes instead of the interpretation. Clicking on the code menu will read the OBDII codes (e.g. P0420 or P0455), if any, from that system. Menu Code 7E8 ($07E8): …1,015 satisfied customers. I just purchased a 2016 Range Rover. The check engine light. I just purchased a 2016 Range Rover. The check engine light came on. I put it on a diagnostic and got t these codes. $07e8, $07e9, $07EE. … read more.MEMBER. 2010 CHEVROLET HHR. 94,000 MILES. Check engine light sometimes comes on. Code reader says $7E8. I can’t find anyplace that can tell me what this is/what needs to be repaired. Had exhaust system checked and there is no problem there. Any help appreciated, as I need to get fixed so car passes inspection and I can …OBDII scanner interprets the codes and displays the menu. Some scanners can't solve these codes and show the codes instead of the interpretation. Clicking on the code menu will read the OBDII codes (e.g. P0420 or P0455), if any, from that system. Menu Code 7E8 ($7E8): Engine System Menu Code 7E9 ($7E9): Transmission SystemShop with all 9 Babbel promo code & coupons verified for May 2023. Extra 50% off language plans + up to 65% off sitewide with the latest Babbel coupons. PCWorld’s coupon section is...The P0106 DTC means that the Manifold Absolute Pressure/BARO Sensor Range/Performance has discovered a problem. This code occurs if the powertrain control module (PCM) determines the MAP/BARO sensor readings are erratic and incorrect. The MAP sensor signal should be 1 to 4.5 volts, heading back to the PCM, depending on …The P0420 code indicates that the Engine Control Module (ECM) has identified a decline in the efficiency of the catalytic converter on Bank 1. This could be attributed to a malfunctioning catalyst or potentially be a false alarm triggered by a defective O2 sensor. The engine control module (ECM) uses two O2 sensors, one in front, and one behind ...Code P1682$07E8. SERVICE TRACTION, ENG PWR REDUCED, SERVICE ESC, the car runs awfully. Jump to Latest Follow 18K views ...Apr 26, 2024 · Engine Codes $07E8 and $7E8: More Than Just Numbers. Contrary to initial impressions, the codes $07E8 and $7E8 are not direct indicators of specific engine faults. Instead, they point to submenus within the diagnostic system of the vehicle, specifically relating to the engine and transmission control modules. When you set up an HP printer as a network printer, you should consider if you want to set up security for the printer. To do so, you need to set or at least identify, the administ...Diagnostic trouble code(DTC) P0420 stands for “P0420 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1).”. It indicates that the exhaust system’s oxygen levels are below the required threshold in Bank 1, which can damage the engine’s exhaust and fuel system. Bank 1 refers to the side of the engine that houses the number one cylinder.Code Tech Notes. The P0442 code means that the control module has detected a small leak in the Evaporative Emission (EVAP). A loose fuel tank filler cap is the most common cause that will trigger the P0442 code. There is a factory service bulletin for all the models from 2000 through 2021. The factory states that there are seven critical ...Curious how to create a website with HTML and CSS? You're in the right place! This step-by-step tutorial teaches you to code your own website from scratch. Learn to Build a Website...There are different reasons that prompt the 7E8 engine code to come up. It could mean one of the following reasons: A missing or damaged fuel filter cap. A faulty or damaged fuel filler pipe. A faulty canister. The fuel vapor lines may be leaking, disconnected, or plugged. A faulty CCV (Canister close valve)Dec 8, 2019 · 2016 Chevy Silverado throwing P0700 $07E8 code. My code reader gave only those two numbers. 1500 silverado 4x4 5.3L. - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic Theres a code that keeps coming up, p1336. Peugeot 208 Fault Code P1336. Meaning Random/multiple cylinder misfire detected. Possible causes. (1) Oxygen Sensor in front of the Catalytic Convertor. (2) Hall/MRE Sensor on the inlet camshaft. (3) Hall/MRE Sensor on the crankshaft. (4) Injectors 1 through to 4. (5) Ignition Coil 1 …Anyone who has worked in any portion of the medical field has had to learn at least a little bit about CPT codes. These Current Procedural Terminology codes are used to document an...Before any codes came up, I was having the car act like it's going stall going 50/60 MPH. I have been hearing a metal rattle under my seat that is exhaust related. It stalled out while driving through town, and the engine light lit up. I put dry gas in it, and got gas, and then it wouldnt start at all. Finally got it started, but it still has ...The P0420 code sets if the computer sees too much fluctuation in the signal from the downstream oxygen sensor. While you're driving the computer tests the catalytic converter by enriching the air to fuel mixture slightly. Then the computer looks to make sure the signal from the downstream oxygen sensor stays pretty much a flatline.Hello a check engine light with codes $07e8 and $07e8Pd. Mechanic's Assistant: Does the light stay on, or does it blink? Stays on even when I reset it it just comes back minutes later. Mechanic's Assistant: What is the model/year of your Nissan? 2011 Altima 2.5S. Mechanic's Assistant: Are you fixing your Altima yourself? What have you tried so far?Dodge Ram P0700 Definition. A typical transmission control module. The P0700 code in your Dodge Ram is a generic OBD-II code that indicates a malfunction within the transmission control system. This code is not specific to any particular issue but rather points to a general fault in the system. Additionally, the P0700 code usually …Jan 6, 2024 · The 07e8 code in Ford vehicles refers to a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) that indicates a potential issue with the vehicle’s engine, transmission, or emissions system. This code is specific to Ford vehicles and is part of the OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) system. #1 · Jun 12, 2017. 2017 Rubicon Unlimited Hard Rock with automatic and 3,800 miles. Took it in a week ago when the “check engine” light popped on. They found a P0441 code and …The P0128 OBD II trouble code indicates that your Pontiac G6’s engine coolant temperature has not reached its required operating temperature within a certain amount of time after starting the car. This code can appear as soon as you start your vehicle, or it can also occur while driving. It’s essential to address this issue immediately, …The 7e8 engine code in the Jeep Grand Cherokee generally indicates a communication error between the vehicle’s onboard diagnostic system and the engine control module. This code is typically related to problems with the engine, emissions system, or transmission.A large leak diagnostic trouble code is related to, and could also cause, these additional trouble codes: P0440; P0441; P0442; P0444; P0445; And more; Many of these EVAP trouble codes are from a series of sensors that measure different areas for air leaks. A major leak could affect more than one area, causing multiple trouble codes.The most likely issue will be the Boost pressure sensor for fault code P1290, and you are losing boost pressure, or we have a vacuum leak around it. Please click on the link to view the pdf file and the sensor location. now, of course, the circuitry needs to be tested, a smoke test can be done for any vacuum leaks ,and boost functional;it can ...If you’re ready to try your hand at coding, you’re in luck, because there is no shortage of online classes and resources available. Read on to discover some of the easiest ways to ...Emilie and Bridget from Stuff Mom Never Told You discuss what's right and wrong about public school dress codes and uniforms. Advertisement Tweens and teens all over the U.S. are c...The 7E8 engine code related to the Emission Control System of Hyundai cars can be because of a busted fuse, too. This could be due to numerous reasons, such as an electrical short-circuit or high voltage …P0441 is an EVAP control system powertrain diagnostic trouble code. It is only set on vehicles that can ‘monitor’ if the ‘purge flow’ is correct or not. Most all with a few exceptions are equipped with either a Purge Flow Sensor or Leak Detection Pump. This code indicates the EVAP control system is not functioning correctly.Anyone who has worked in any portion of the medical field has had to learn at least a little bit about CPT codes. These Current Procedural Terminology codes are used to document an...Webapp Codecademy teaches you how to code using an interactive console, motivates you with badges, and walks you through lessons in a straightforward curriculum. Best of all, it's ...Step 1: In the first step, you have to go for an inspection. This is one of the longest steps you have to pass to get a better result. You have to inspect all the possible causes and find the actual reason. Step 2: The second step will be gathering important equipment and tools to solve this code.Usually a $07E8 along with the $07E9 CODE is a gas cap issue not placed back correctly or bad as well, just saying. Due to no high pressure in fuel tank the ECU will detect it and an engine warning light will come on. That can result in bad performance and stalling. Only bringing this up since you say problem started soon after leaving gas ...Code 07E8 in a Dodge means that there is a fuel/air ratio problem. Like (20) Jamshed September 9, 2022 Hsjsj. Like (1) Hasin binsober July 30, 2023 So many ignorant people here. Like (1) Jetto October 14, 2023 What a code. Like عبدالرحمن September 16 ...The 7E8 engine code related to the Emission Control System of Hyundai cars can be because of a busted fuse, too. This could be due to numerous reasons, such as an electrical short-circuit or high voltage spike. A visual inspection of the fuses should be done first before running any tests with diagnostic tools.P0014 indicates that the camshaft position sensors detected an incorrect camshaft timing on camshaft B on bank 1. In most cases, this means that there is a problem with your variable camshaft timing control, but it can also mean that there is a problem with the camshaft timing. The timing between the camshafts and crankshaft must be correct for ...Nissan Pathfinder codes P0101 And $07E8 after MAF sensor was replaced. Mechanic's Assistant: Does the engine stall right after starting? And what about hesitation or jerking during acceleration? Runs fine, just continues to code. Seems somewhat affected by changes in humidity.1 Answer. 2012 Pathfinder continues to code P0101 and $07E8 after replacing mass air flow sensor. Seems to be affected by changes in humidity. Posted by David Brustad on Dec 31, 2018.Oct 15, 2020 · P0101 $07e8 error code. Filters replaced as ecm reprogramming completed, Yes to scan tool, and 141km or 87,600 miles, - Answered by a verified Nissan Mechanic The repair or fixing cost of the P06DD code varies according to the vehicle model, labor cost, and the cause of the problem. To fix or repair the P06DD code, you may need one or more of the following repairs: Parts. Cost. Engine oil pump assembly replacement. $290 to $2600. Oil pressure sensor replacement. $70 to $270.After changing my clothes I went back out & plugged in my code reader & this is what popped up: 1st code: P0302 $07E8 2/2. Generic. Cylinder 2 misfire Detected. 2nd code: P0014 $07E8 1/2. B camshaft position-timing over advanced. or system performance.After changing my clothes I went back out & plugged in my code reader & this is what popped up: 1st code: P0302 $07E8 2/2. Generic. Cylinder 2 misfire Detected. 2nd code: P0014 $07E8 1/2. B camshaft position-timing over advanced. or system performance.I bought a ‘15 328D x-drive wagon last fall. A few weeks ago, I got a check engine light, too. It was a P2201 and looking it up suggested a NOX sensor (s) needed replacing. But before I could get it replaced, I also got a P207F and a P20EE. I began to get that deep sinking feeling but the faults and the check engine light cleared.Looking for what “business casual” actually means? Find out more in our quick guide to the business casual dress code. Human Resources | What is WRITTEN BY: Charlette Beasley Publi...May 21, 2022 · I have the following codes: $07E8 and $07E9. It says multiple cylinder misfire and something else. Anyone know what that means? Using a konnwei KE808 code reader. Meet the Experts. Check engine light on. scanner shows codes in module $07EA, and $07E8. Stays on. 2014 Chev Silverado, 5.3. I've only - Answered by a verified Auto Mechanic.14 posts · Joined 2018. #1 · Sep 28, 2022. Hi my engine management light came on saying engine repair needed. I borrowed a OBDii V310 Diagnostic tool & fault code "P0192$07e8 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low" came up. Is this an expensive fault to repair???

$07E8 code, I did, changed the purge valve, changed the gas cap, Tried to clear the code, it still popped up 2007 5.4 L, - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website.. Personify finance

code $07e8

P0430 is a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) for “Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2).”. It warns about a problem with the catalytic converter mounted near engine bank 2 (the side of the engine opposite the number one cylinder). A failing catalytic converterbreaks down less pollutants in the exhaust, resulting in lower oxygen ...If you can access codes from the NOXS-A, then the U029D code is either intermittent or a memory code. If unable to access the NOXS-A, then the U029D code that the other modules are setting is active, and the problem is there now. The most common failure is a circuit fault which causes the loss of power or ground to the nox sensor a.The 07e8 code in Ford vehicles refers to a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) that indicates a potential issue with the vehicle’s engine, transmission, or emissions …Nov 20, 2022 · When you determine their engine code 7E8, some of the following can be the cause of it: Broken Fuel Filler Cap. The fuel filler cap. The fuel filler cap is critical to the car’s evaporative emission control system. It keeps fuel from evaporating in the fuel tank and keeps foreign materials and water from entering and contaminating the power. First time: car sat for most of the weekend. stopped at a stop sign, car produced the red triangle of death, the screen said the informative word, "Problem" and the car stopped dead. OBD reader said $7E8 and $7EA. Tried a jump and clearing the codes to get it working (not sure it needed a jump). Ran fine for a week.P0014 indicates that the camshaft position sensors detected an incorrect camshaft timing on camshaft B on bank 1. In most cases, this means that there is a problem with your variable camshaft timing control, but it can also mean that there is a problem with the camshaft timing. The timing between the camshafts and crankshaft must be correct …Shop with all 44 Jomashop promo code & coupons verified for May 2023: Extra $25 + 80% off watches & bags. Free shipping with Jomashop coupon code. PCWorld’s coupon section is creat...Aug 27, 2021 · Code P1682$07E8. SERVICE TRACTION, ENG PWR REDUCED, SERVICE ESC, the car runs awfully. Jump to Latest Follow 18K views ... Meet the Experts. $07E8&9 code. The exact code is module $07E8code. 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee. I was replacing spark plugs - Answered by a verified Jeep Mechanic.P0118 –Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit – High Input malfunction. P0128 –Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature. If you use these codes in conjunction with the symptoms, you might be able to diagnose the issues faster. Categories: OBD Codes. Learn what the P2181 code means on your code scanner and …The cost to diagnose the P120D code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto repair shops charge between $75 and $150 per hour.Connect the vehicle to the OBD-II scanner. Run the scanner and wait until it tests the ECU for fault codes. Delete the codes and go for a test drive. If the scanner has a freeze frame option, you can pinpoint the time and conditions that led to the P0036 code. Locate the Bank 1 Sensor 2 location.The repair or fixing cost of the P06DD code varies according to the vehicle model, labor cost, and the cause of the problem. To fix or repair the P06DD code, you may need one or more of the following repairs: Parts. Cost. Engine oil pump assembly replacement. $290 to $2600. Oil pressure sensor replacement. $70 to $270.Your $7E8 and the $7E9 are fuel/ air intake codes, as for the P1326 Ok, this code is set when the knock sensor detects vibrations from engine rod knock, however, it may be set …The code is P0100 $07E8 Mass or Volume Air Flow A Circuit. Read full answer. Jan 07, 2020 • Cars & Trucks. 0 helpful. 1 answer. I plugged in code for 2009 dodge ram 1500...P0306, $07E8 ...can any one help me with this? P0306 is a generic OBD code, the other one is probably brand specific. Check the link below for help with the generic …P1290 Code $07E8. I have a 2013 BMW 320xi which is intermittently throwing the above mentioned P1290 $07E8 code. I dont have a specific BMW scanner and from the information ive gathered P1290 is a generic top layer code that needs to be further diagnosed by a BMW scanner. Can anyone confirm this is correct?Code: P0012 $07E8 - A Camshaft Position Timing Over - Retarded Bank 1. Have changed the oil, planning to clean the VANOS solenoids next. Symptom is a non-regular high-pitched whine, not a belt noise for sure. Idling revs seem unstable. Also, struggling to get the INPA software and K+DCAN cable talking to the car.The P0013 code stands for “Exhaust “B” Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1).” Some issues that may trigger the code include a bad oil control valve, problems with the VVT solenoid control circuit, and issues with the PCM. Symptoms to look out for include ignition issues, poor mileage, and rough running.E8 represents the engine control module while E9 represents the transmission control module. In short: 7E8 means a request code from ECM. 7E9 means … This particular code indicates a range or performance malfunction within the Turbo/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor (TCIP) circuit. The turbo/supercharger are responsible for increasing "volumetric efficiency" (amount of air) within the combustion chamber by creating pressure within the intake system. Generally speaking Turbochargers are ... .

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