Albert einstein from germany - Germany is known for beer and bratwurst, but the country of 80 million in western-central Europe is so much more. These 17 Instagrammers show us. Germany is known for beer and brat...

 
Einstein also began demonstrating an interest in politics and moral questions, refusing to sign a “manifesto to the civilized world” defending Germany’s empire building at the start of World .... Older women seeking younger men

Identification: German-born American physicist Born: March 14, 1879; Ulm, Germany Died: April 18, 1955; Princeton, New Jersey Significance: The greatest physicist of the twentieth century, Albert Einstein found refuge from Nazi threats in the United States, where he became a symbol of scientific genius and internationalism. Albert Einstein … EINSTEIN, ALBERT(1879–1955) Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the south German kingdom of W ü rttemberg on March 14, 1879. Following his graduation from the Federal Polytechnical Institute ( ETH ) in Zurich in 1900 he obtained a job as a patent examiner, ("technical expert, third class") in the Swiss patent office in Bern, starting in the ... Mar 14, 2011 · W Schlicker, Albert Einstein and the political reaction in imperialist Germany after the First World War (Czech), Pokroky Mat. Fyz. Astronom. 24 (3) (1979), 153-160. W Schlicker, Genesis and duration of quarrels about Albert Einstein in Germany from 1920 to 1922 / 23 ( Polish ) , Kwart. Der wohl bekannteste Wissenschaftler unserer Zeit wurde tatsächlich am 14. März 1879 in der Bahnhofstraße 20 in Ulm geboren. Albert Einstein lebte nur 15 Monate in der Donaustadt. Seine weit verzweigte Familie jedoch - 18 Cousins und Cousinen Einsteins lebten zeitweise in Ulm - war ein angesehenes und fest verwurzeltes Mitglied der ...9. “There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is.”. Help us translate this quote. — Albert Einstein. As quoted in Journal of France and Germany (1942–1944) by Gilbert Fowler White, in excerpt published in Living with Nature's Extremes: The Life of Gilbert Fowler ...Answer and Explanation: Albert Einstein first renounced his German citizenship in 1901 when he became a Swiss citizen. He had left Germany in about 1894 to ...Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904) Born on March 14, 1879, in the southern German city of …Professor Albert Einstein in Prague. Einstein as full university professor for theoretical physics at the German University in Prague had to plead for the Austrian nationality of the back then monarchy. As professor he had to get the stipulated gala uniform (black coat with golden ribbons, tricorn and rapier). “Here Einstein’s humour was ...But the 'Great Men' at the time almost ridiculed the danger of war" (see "Einstein on Peace" [below], p. 273). Einstein regarded the possibility of Nazi Germ...Albert Einstein 1879–1955. German-born theoretical physicist. See also Anonymous. Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. Science, Philosophy and Religion: a Symposium (1941) ch. 13. As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to …Professor Albert Einstein in Prague. Einstein as full university professor for theoretical physics at the German University in Prague had to plead for the Austrian nationality of the back then monarchy. As professor he had to get the stipulated gala uniform (black coat with golden ribbons, tricorn and rapier).Einstein in Oxford. 17 Jun 2019. Taken from the June 2019 issue of Physics World. Amid growing political unrest in Germany, Albert Einstein paid three short visits to Oxford in the early 1930s. Andrew Robinson reveals why this celebrated physicist travelled to Britain and how Einstein seduced – and then shocked – his audiences with his new ...While Salesforce made a big splash yesterday with the announcement that it’s buying Slack for $27.7 billion, it’s not the only thing going on for the CRM giant this week. In fact, ...Albert Einstein's religious views have been widely studied and often misunderstood. Albert Einstein stated "I believe in Spinoza's God". ... Einstein wrote in German, "For me the Jewish religion like all others is …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.On March 15, 1953, the day following his 74th birthday, Dr. Albert Einstein agreed to lend his name to the first medical school built in New York City in more than five decades. …A collection of letters written by Albert Einstein is set to be auctioned on March 28. And his concerns over the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany expressed in these letters have garnered some much-deserved attention. According to Fox News, much of Einstein’s concerns come in three separate letters penned before World War II even …Albert Einstein - Physics, Relativity, Nobel Prize: In some sense, Einstein, instead of being a relic, may have been too far ahead of his time. The strong force, a major piece of any unified field theory, was still a total mystery in Einstein’s lifetime. Only in the 1970s and ’80s did physicists begin to unravel the secret of the strong force with the quark model.Biography: Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist, whose profound contributions to science made him one of the most renowned scientists in history. His theory of relativity and the famous equation E=mc^2 are landmarks in the field of physics. Einstein’s pioneering work on the photoelectric effect earned him the 1921 Nobel Prize in …Disney World's AAA Five Diamond Award-winning restaurant, Victoria & Albert's, just reopened. Here's what it's like at this fancy restaurant inside Disney's Grand Floridian Resort ...The complex story of how nine young African Americans became an international phenomenon is told at the Scottsboro Boys Museum. Share Last Updated on January 10, 2023 Celebrities i...Neuer Archivfund: Tonfilm von Albert Einsteins Eröffnungsrede bei der Funkausstellung 1930 in Berlin. Eine der wenigen Filmaufnahmen auf denen Einstein deuts...4 likes, 0 comments - krishna_kharka_1 on March 13, 2024: "Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, best known for developing the theory of …The Insider Trading Activity of GORE ALBERT JR on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksWelcome to the Albert Einstein Institute! The Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) is the largest research institute in the world specializing in general relativity and beyond. The institute is located in Potsdam and in Hannover where it closely collaborates with the Leibniz Universität Hannover.The Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative, known as DAFI, offers higher education scholarships to refugees so that they can attend universities ...How Einstein reacted to Hitler’s rise. In September 1930, Germany held its first national elections since the Great Crash of 1929, and the National Socialists won a stunning tally: 6,400,000 ...Nov 24, 2009 · On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein is born in Ulm, Germany. Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity drastically altered human understanding of the universe, and his work in ... Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. His father, Hermann, managed a featherbed business in Ulm, which was situated on the River Danube in southern Germany. Around a year after Albert was born, his father's featherbed business failed and the family moved to Munich, Germany where Hermann went to work for an electrical ... Compounding lets you earn interest on interest. It's equal to P[(1+ r/n)^nt - 1] where P is principal, r = annual rate, n = number of compounding periods and t = the number of year...The Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative, known as DAFI, offers higher education scholarships to refugees so that they can attend universities ...Nov 13, 2015 ... Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics.On March 15, 1953, the day following his 74th birthday, Dr. Albert Einstein agreed to lend his name to the first medical school built in New York City in more than five decades. … ALBERT EINSTEIN IN ULM, 1879 – 1880. Hermann Einstein (1847-1902), born in Buchau on the Federsee and merchant in Ulm, married 18 year-old Pauline Koch (1858-1920) from Cannstatt, the daughter of a purveyor to the royal household and corn-merchant in Stuttgart, on August 8, 1876. At first Hermann Einstein and his young wife lived at the ... The “arguments” soon descended into death threats, and Einstein briefly fled Germany for a speaking tour of Japan. After Hitler rose to power in 1933, Einstein abandoned Germany for good.Albert Einstein’s hobbies were sailing, reading and playing the violin and piano. He also wrote travel journals that are now held in the Albert Einstein Archives in Jerusalem. Eins...Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was the first child born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein. Though he attended school as a young boy, he also received instruction at home on Judaism and violin. By the age of twelve he had taught himself geometry. At the age of sixteen he failed an exam in order to qualify to train as an ...The Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative, known as DAFI, offers higher education scholarships to refugees so that they can attend universities ...The DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative) scholarship programme offers qualified refugee and returnee students the possibility to earn an undergraduate degree in their country of asylum or home country. 2022 marked the 30 th anniversary of the DAFI programme, which remains the cornerstone of UNHCR’s strategy to achieve and ...Over an area of 1,000 square metres, excellently presented original objects, writings and films provide an insight into the life of the physicist Albert Einstein, as well as illustrating the most important historical events of his time. www.einsteinmuseum.ch Read the feature on …Oct 26, 2015 · Her fate remains a mystery to this day. Some scholars think Lieserl died from scarlet fever in 1903, while others believe she survived the sickness and was given up for adoption in Maric’s ... Professor Albert Einstein in Prague. Einstein as full university professor for theoretical physics at the German University in Prague had to plead for the Austrian nationality of the back then monarchy. As professor he had to get the stipulated gala uniform (black coat with golden ribbons, tricorn and rapier).Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous owner of a German sausage dog, alongside – on the less illustrious end of the scale – Kaiser Wilhelm II and Erwin Rommel, the Afrika Korps commander.On March 15, 1953, the day following his 74th birthday, Dr. Albert Einstein agreed to lend his name to the first medical school built in New York City in more than five decades. …Professor Albert Einstein in Prague. Einstein as full university professor for theoretical physics at the German University in Prague had to plead for the Austrian nationality of the back then monarchy. As professor he had to get the stipulated gala uniform (black coat with golden ribbons, tricorn and rapier). “Here Einstein’s humour was ...The DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative) scholarship programme offers qualified refugee and returnee students the possibility to earn an undergraduate degree in their country of asylum or home country. 2022 marked the 30 th anniversary of the DAFI programme, which remains the cornerstone of UNHCR’s strategy to achieve and ...The cast and crew of Genius discuss how Adolph Hitler's rise to power influenced Albert Einstein's life and legacy. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe...Disney World's AAA Five Diamond Award-winning restaurant, Victoria & Albert's, just reopened. Here's what it's like at this fancy restaurant inside Disney's Grand Floridian Resort ...The Nazis confiscated Albert Einstein's property in 1933 because he was Jewish. Einstein and his wife fled Germany and sought asylum in Europe before ...Jul 19, 2023 · Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard reenact the signing of their letter to President Roosevelt warning him that Germany may be building an atomic bomb in January 1946. May 13, 2015 ... Eventually, Lenard and other Nazi scientists succeeded in pushing not just Einstein but virtually all Jewish scientists out of Germany. Einstein ...The scientific exodus from Nazi Germany. Beginning in 1933, hundreds of physicists and other academics fled the country, transforming their lives and the global scientific landscape. Left to right: Hertha Sponer, Albert Einstein, Hugo Grotrian, Ingrid Franck, Wilhelm Westphal, James Franck, Otto von Bayer, Lise Meitner, Peter Pringsheim, Fritz ...Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, on 14 March 1879 and grew up in Munich. When his parents moved to Italy, he initially remained in Munich before eventually joining them. After failing an entry examination for the Polytechnic in Zurich in 1895, he completed his schooling at Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau and passed the Swiss Matura.Wolfram Wette is one of Germany’s foremost military historians and Professor at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg. He is the author or editor of over forty books, including The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality (Harvard University Press, 2007), which was translated into five languages and radically reshaped the way historians think about the role of the …Find out what the Einstein Foundation Award 2021 winner ManyBabies 5 has been up to ... Director of the Alfred Wegener Institute and member of the Foundation Council, in Albert #9. 10 Funding Programmes. For Research. For Berlin. Information on the application process. ... The exhibition portraits gender struggle in trade unions in German ...Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, on 14 March 1879 and grew up in Munich. When his parents moved to Italy, he initially remained in Munich before eventually joining them. After failing an entry examination for the Polytechnic in Zurich in 1895, he completed his schooling at Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau and passed the Swiss Matura.Mar 17, 2017 · 1. Albert EINSTEIN was born on 14 March 1879 in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany, to Hermann EINSTEIN and Pauline KOCH. On 6 January 1903 he married his first wife, Mileva MARIC in Berne, Switzerland, with whom he had three children: Lieserl (born out of wedlock in Jan 1902); Hans Albert (born 14 May 1904) and Eduard (born 28 July 1910). Do you want to witness sceneries? In Germany there are the best mountains to see that provide a healthy and wide range of fun outdoor activities. By: Author Kyle Kroeger Posted on ...It all started with a visit by Szilard, a Hungarian-German physicist who previously studied with Einstein in the 1920s. Their research led to the creation of a refrigerator pump that required no ... Professor Albert Einstein is a main character and the protagonist of the first season of Genius, which chronicles his life. He was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely known for developing the theory of relativity and for being one of the greatest physicists of all time. He is portrayed by Geoffrey Rush and Johnny Flynn. In Munich, while daydreaming the secrets of the cosmos in his ... Albert Einstein was born in the city of Ulm in Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879 into a non-observant Jewish family. Six weeks later his parents moved the family to Munich, where Einstein spent most of his early years. In 1894, Einstein's family moved to Pavia, Italy (near Milan), but Einstein chose to remain behind in Munich.Mar 14, 2011 · W Schlicker, Albert Einstein and the political reaction in imperialist Germany after the First World War (Czech), Pokroky Mat. Fyz. Astronom. 24 (3) (1979), 153-160. W Schlicker, Genesis and duration of quarrels about Albert Einstein in Germany from 1920 to 1922 / 23 ( Polish ) , Kwart. 1914. Einstein moved to Berlin, taking a research post that freed him from teaching duties. He separated from his wife and two sons. When the First World War broke out, Einstein …A lbert Einstein’s father, Hermann, was proud that Jewish rituals were not practiced in his home, viewing them as outdated, the remnants of “ancient superstition.”. In Einstein’s family ...When Albert Einstein died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, he left behind an unparalleled legacy. The frizzy-haired scientist had become an icon of the 20th century, befriended Charlie Chaplin, escaped Nazi Germany as authoritarianism loomed, and pioneered an entirely new model of physics.Five years later, Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for Physics. Owing to death threats, the renowned physicist had to leave Germany temporarily in October 1922; Max von Laue took over as Director. Einstein used the opportunity to take up a position as a visiting professor at Princeton University in New Jersey. On 10 March 1933 he ...Albert Einstein was born at Ulm in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879, into a non-observant Jewish family. At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in "empty" space acted upon the needle; he would later describe the experience as one of the most revelatory of his life.Identification: German-born American physicist Born: March 14, 1879; Ulm, Germany Died: April 18, 1955; Princeton, New Jersey Significance: The greatest physicist of the twentieth century, Albert Einstein found refuge from Nazi threats in the United States, where he became a symbol of scientific genius and internationalism. Albert Einstein …Albert Einstein acquired German citizenship in 1914 and resided in Berlin until 1933, when he left for America to accept a position as a professor of theoretical physics at Princeton. At that time, Albert Einstein had renounced his citizenship for political reasons. In 1940, he became a citizen of the United States, and he left his position in 1945.Today’s Highlight in History: On Oct. 17, 1933, Albert Einstein. arrived in the United States as a refugee from Nazi Germany. On this date: In 1610, French King Louis XIII, age nine, was crowned at Reims, five months after the assassination of his father, Henry IV. In 1777, British forces under Gen. John Burgoyne surrendered to American ...For Albert Einstein, Hitler’s sudden rush to prominence confirmed his historic distrust of the German body politic. But at this time, he did not see Hitler or National …Feb 11, 2024 · Germany, I suppose, is presumed to be looking the other way.” When Einstein agreed to give the speech at a ticketed event at the Royal Albert Hall to raise money for Jewish academic refugees... Germany, I suppose, is presumed to be looking the other way.” When Einstein agreed to give the speech at a ticketed event at the Royal Albert Hall to raise …Non-Jewish Austrian and German scientists claimed that Einstein had stolen the theory of relativity from them. He was targeted as an enemy of the state, and a $5,000 bounty was rumored to have ...9. “There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is.”. Help us translate this quote. — Albert Einstein. As quoted in Journal of France and Germany (1942–1944) by Gilbert Fowler White, in excerpt published in Living with Nature's Extremes: The Life of Gilbert Fowler ...May 13, 2015 ... Eventually, Lenard and other Nazi scientists succeeded in pushing not just Einstein but virtually all Jewish scientists out of Germany. Einstein ...He addressed his teachers respectfully and answered the questions honestly. Question 2: The school system often curbs individual talents. Discuss. Answer: Albert Einstein’s miserable five years’ stay at school is a telling comment on the system of education prevailing then and existing even now.Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, on 14 March 1879 and grew up in Munich. When his parents moved to Italy, he initially remained in Munich before eventually joining them. After failing an entry examination for the Polytechnic in Zurich in 1895, he completed his schooling at Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau and passed the Swiss Matura.It is fitting that one of his last acts was to argue, as he had done all his life, for international peace. Einstein was cremated at Trenton, New Jersey at 4 pm on 18 April 1955 (the day of his death). His ashes were scattered at an undisclosed place. Quotations by Albert Einstein. Other Mathematicians born in Germany.Nov 9, 2018 · He collected over 5,000 signatures from Germans willing to be publicly identified with the effort, including such luminaries as Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. A bill decriminalizing male ... May 21, 2018 · Ulm, Germany, 14 March 1879; d. Princeton, New Jersey, 18 April 1955) physics. Albert Einstein was the only son of Hermann and Pauline (Koch) Einstein. He grew up in Munich, where his father and his uncle ran a small electrochemical plant. Einstein was a slow child and disliked the regimentation of school. One of the greatest physicists of all time, Nobel Prize winner and discoverer of the special and general theory of relativity, Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany, of secular Ashkenazi German Jewish parents. Einstein was observant for a time but never had a bar mitzvah . A Jewish medical student and family friend ... 7 days ago ... On 14 March 1879, Albert Einstein, a renowned physicist was born in Ulm, Germany. Albert Einstein crossed scientific bounds to become an ...Fritz Haber to Albert Einstein to his 50 th birthday, March 1929. Short life history: Fritz Haber * December 9, 1868 Wroclaw, † January 29, 1934 Basle. The German chemist Fritz Haber obtained a doctorate in Berlin in 1891, after his studies in Berlin and Heidelberg, interrupted by his voluntary one-year military service. It was followed by “years as an …Albert Einstein (1879–1955), a German-born scientist, was predominantly known during his lifetime for his development of the theory of relativity, his contributions to …Yes! Albert Einstein was married two times. He married Mileva Maric (1875-1948) in January 1903, a former fellow student from his time as a student at the Polytechnic in Zurich. They were divorced in February 1919. 4 months later, in June 1919, he married his cousin Elsa Löwenthal (1876-1936), nee Einstein.Fritz Haber to Albert Einstein to his 50 th birthday, March 1929. Short life history: Fritz Haber * December 9, 1868 Wroclaw, † January 29, 1934 Basle. The German chemist Fritz Haber obtained a doctorate in Berlin in 1891, after his studies in Berlin and Heidelberg, interrupted by his voluntary one-year military service. It was followed by “years as an …

By PJ Grisar November 12, 2018. In 1922, more than a decade before the Nazis rise to power in Germany, Albert Einstein went into hiding. Now, a letter written after his hasty escape from Berlin .... Macrostax reviews

albert einstein from germany

Albert Einstein did not have a middle name. He was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany. Some of his most remarkable work was completed while he worked as a patent ...Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, and raised in Munich, in a secular Jewish home. Fascinated from an early age by science and the forces of nature, he had an unusual and disrupted education, but was a devoted autodidact. For seven years from 1902 he worked in a patent office, during which time he earned his doctorate and – in 1905, his so … Quick Reference. (1879–1955) German-born physicist, a thinker of astounding insight, author of the special and general theories of relativity, and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect. The son of a manufacturer of electrical equipment, Einstein was educated at various schools in Germany and Italy ... [1080p, 60 fps, COLOR] Albert Einstein speaks German [HD COLOR]Albert Einstein speaks German. Albert Einstein in conversation with Carl Laemmle, the founder ...Albert Einstein was one of the greatest geniuses in the history of science. His theories, or ideas, led to new ways of thinking about the universe . Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born American Jewish scientist. [5] He worked on theoretical physics. [6] He developed the theory of relativity. [4] [7] He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for theoretical physics. His most famous equation is in which E is for Energy, m for mass, c is the speed of light is ... While Salesforce made a big splash yesterday with the announcement that it’s buying Slack for $27.7 billion, it’s not the only thing going on for the CRM giant this week. In fact, ...Albert Einstein Denkmal: Birthplace - See 99 traveler reviews, 36 candid photos, and great deals for Ulm, Germany, at Tripadvisor.The Unfinished Quest for the Meaning of Quantum Physics Adam Becker Basic: 2018. All hell broke loose in physics some 90 years ago. Quantum theory emerged — partly in heated clashes between ...Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛɐt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a …Jan 25, 2008 · Answer: He was born in Ulm, Germany. Question: When did he die? Answer: He died 18 April 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Question: Who were his parents? Answer: His father was Hermann Einstein and his mother was Pauline Einstein (born Koch). Question: Did he have any sisters and brothers? ... Albert Einstein. I try to paint a picture of the anti-Einstein campaign in Germany of 1920, with finer brush strokes than those applied previously by others.Mar 14, 2024 · Physicist Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879. He became a U.S. citizen in 1940 and died in Princeton, New Jersey, on April 18, 1955. eEducation Albert Registered Shs News: This is the News-site for the company eEducation Albert Registered Shs on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksAlbert Einstein is known as a genius, physicist and Nobel Laureate. While his theory of relativity changed the world, it wasn’t his only legacy. He was also a refugee and humanitarian, having inspired the founding of the organization that became the International Rescue Committee. ... As a German Jew, however, his civil liberties were suspended …Mileva Marić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милева Марић, pronounced [milěːva mǎːritɕ]; 19 December 1875 – 4 August 1948), sometimes called Mileva Marić-Einstein (Милева Марић-Ајнштајн, Mileva Marić-Ajnštajn), was a Serbian physicist, mathematician, and the first wife of Albert Einstein from 1903 to 1919. She was the only woman among Einstein's fellow students …Albert Einstein received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1922. During the selection process in 1921, the Nobel Committee for Physics decided that none of the year's nominations met the criteria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel. According to the Nobel Foundation's statutes, the Nobel Prize can in such a case be reserved until the following …How Einstein reacted to Hitler’s rise. In September 1930, Germany held its first national elections since the Great Crash of 1929, and the National Socialists won a stunning tally: 6,400,000 ...Identification: German-born American physicist Born: March 14, 1879; Ulm, Germany Died: April 18, 1955; Princeton, New Jersey Significance: The greatest physicist of the twentieth century, Albert Einstein found refuge from Nazi threats in the United States, where he became a symbol of scientific genius and internationalism. Albert Einstein ….

Popular Topics